At the end of January, Russia held foreign currency reserves worth $469bn. This hoard was born of the prudence taught by its 1998 default and, hoped Vladimir Putin, also a guarantee of its financial independence. But, as his “special military operation” in Ukraine began, he learnt that more than half of his reserves were frozen. His enemies’ currencies ceased to be usable money. This action is not only significant for Russia. A targeted demonetisation of the world’s most globalised currencies has big implications.
1月底，俄罗斯持有价值4690亿美元的外汇储备。这一储备源于1998年俄罗斯债务违约后学会的谨慎，同时弗拉基米尔•普京(Vladimir Putin)希望，它能保证俄罗斯的金融独立。但是，当他在乌克兰的“特别军事行动”开始时，他得知他一半以上的外汇储备被冻结了。他的敌人的货币不再是可用的货币。这一冻结行动不仅对俄罗斯影响重大。世界上最具manbetx app苹果 性的货币有针对性地失去流通性，将产生重大影响。
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