Americans are fond of “leadership” — both the word and the thing — but others can be forgiven for taking a dimmer view of it. “Leadership” means having informal control over others without submitting to formal vetting by them. As Johns Hopkins University professor Michael Mandelbaum argues in The Frugal Superpower, the leadership the US has exercised since the second world war, and particularly since the cold war, has made it “the world's de facto government”.
美国人喜欢“领导权”——无论是这个字眼还是这东西本身。但其他人对美国的“领导权”却不看好，这也情有可原。“领导权”意味着，对他人拥有非正式的控制权，而事先无需得到他们的正式认可。正如约翰•霍普金斯大学(Johns Hopkins University)教授迈克尔•曼德尔鲍姆(Michael Mandelbaum)在《节俭的超级大国》(The Frugal Superpower)中所辩称的，美国自二战以来、尤其是冷战以来所行使的领导权，已使它成为“事实上的世界政府”。
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