Scientists are battling to understand the effects of climate change on the wavy jet stream that has fuelled record warmth in Europe and torrential rain and snow in the western US, as extreme weather globally marks the start of 2023.
The fast moving band of air is behind many of the weather extremes experienced in recent weeks around the northern hemisphere, according to scientists.
In North America, the late December freeze from a “bomb cyclone”, or bombogenesis — an explosive storm caused by a cold air mass meeting a warm air mass — has been followed by “atmospheric rivers”, or air currents carrying moisture from the ocean, that has hit the western US states.
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